Sylvia Plath’s Mourning and Creativity Essay -- Sylvia Plath

Sylvia Plaths Mourning and CreativityAbstractIn this article, I concentrate on the connection between sorrow and creativityin Sylvia Plaths work. Melanie Klein postulates that the pain of mourning and thefix experienced in the depressive position is the basis of creative activity.Through creative activity, one dissolve restore lost internal and external objects and losthappiness. I argue that Plaths work is an example of Kleins idea that artistscreative products represent the play of mourning. For Plath, art -- in her case,writing -- was a compensation for loss, especially the loss of her father. She seemsto have continued writing as her exercise in mourning and reparation trying toregain not only her bereaved father but also her internal good object which was lostwhen her father died. Through her writing, Plath attempt to enrich her ego withthe father-object.Keywords Sylvia Plath, Melanie Klein, mourning, creativity, reparationIn her paper, Mourning and its Relation to Manic-Dep ressive States,Melanie Klein claims that the work of mourning is a reliving of the early depressiveposition. I would like to commendation Kleins accountMy experience leads me to conclude that, while it is true that thecharacteristic feature of normal mourning is the individuals setting up thelost loved object inner(a) himself, he is not doing so for the first time but,through the work of mourning, is reinstating that object as well as all hisloved internal objects which he feels he has lost. He is therefore recoveringwhat he had already attained in childhood. (Klein, 1988a, p. 362)According to Kleins hypothesis, the loss of the present object in the external adult malebrings with it the mourners unc... ...lath, 2000, p.300).Works CitedArnold, Matthew, The Poems of Matthew Arnold, ed. by Kenneth Allott, 2nd ed. byMiriam Allott (London Longman, 1979).Ellmann, Maud, ed., Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism (London/ New YorkLongman, 1994).Melanie Klein, Love, Guilt and Reparation (Lon don Virago, 1988a).---, Envy and Gratitude (London Virago, 1988b).Plath, Sylvia, Letters Home Correspondence 1950-1963, ed. by Aurelia Schober Plath(London Faber, 1976).---, Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams and Other Prose Writings (London Faber,1979).---, Collected Poems of Sylvia Plath, ed. by Ted Hughes (New York Harper & Row,1981).---, The Unabridged daybooks of Sylvia Plath, ed. by Karen V. Kukil (New YorkRandom House, 2000).Segal, Hanna, A Psycho-Analytical Approach to Aesthetics, International Journalof Psycho-Analysis vol. 33 (1952).

Essay --

1.0 IntroductionThe brain is composed of billions of tiny neurons all combined to create a hierarchy of complex lucres. Much is unknown about intelligence and our understanding and perception of intelligence is shaping the way in which we in the 21st speed of light are creating computer found intelligent neural networks. An intelligent system is able to retract breeding from its environment and comprehend without prior knowledge of the information the process, reason about the relationships between variables contained in the information and learn about the process and its operating conditions without human input. A computational approach to network dynamics focuses on the networks ability to think logically, process info and react to changes in the data which can lead to future evolution of the network. Traditional rule based computational techniques failed to meet the requirements of search, optimisation and machine learning in large biological and industrial systems and theref ore had to evolve which shaped the route in which computational intelligence had taken in the 21st century. A network is said to be computationally intelligent if it can deal with low level data analysis such as small numerical data has pattern recognition components. The main emphasis on neural networks and computationally based network systems was to come up with a learning algorithm that could be used to increase the intelligence of any given system. Fuzzy logic was first proposed by Professor Lotfi Zadeh in1969 in the University of California Berkley. He created Fuzzy Logic to define between data by using partial set membership quite an than crisp set membership or non-membership. Professor Zadeh explained that people do not need precise numerical inform... ...dimension of the prototype memories where the network stores all memories deep down a stable state. 3.0 Fuzzy Logic Systems Fuzzy Neural Network3.1 What Is Fuzzy Logic?Fuzzy Logic is a problem solving methodological an alysis that lends itself to implementation in a range of systems and can be implemented into networks. It allows an accurate outcome based on vague, ambiguous, imprecise input information. Fuzzy Logic is mainly used for control situations although it can be used over a variety of scenarios in situation based computing making it ensample for use within Neural Networks and they require a wide range of input variations. Fuzzy Logic processes user defined rules and therefore it can be readily modified to improve network performance, it can be used to imitate and control nonlinear data that would beforehand be impossible model mathematically. 3.2 Crisp Sets and Fuzzy Sets

Narrative vs. Montage Essay -- essays research papers

Each get has a distinct purpose associated with it. Whether this purpose is as simple as teaching children a valuable lesson or as complex as criticizing a societys barriers, there are expressed goals which must be discerningly conveyed. There are specific elements to plastic filmmaking which are designed to contribute to the goals set forth when making a film. Such elements include what would be considered aesthetics of astonishment, or striking images, editing conflict and other techniques associated with montage filmmaking. Each of these techniques imprint a thought or logic on a film a kind of watermark that pushes the film itself towards the accomplishment of the original goals. Regardless of the need for the completion of these higher goals, a directors susceptibility to keep a viewers undivided attention is crucial to the success of a film. Each viewer must remain fascinated from get going to finish by the plot and characters, or he will lose interest in the film. So, when a film relies on a strong autobiography base to keep its audience captivated, there is little room for variation from the elements which depict the story best. Striking montage images or techniques, if not carefully placed, foundation hit a tendency to take the viewers eye from the progression of the narrative and turn their thought to something else.Quite often, montage aspects of a film are deliberately placed to invoke specific thoughts or feelings. Such techniques can be employed to even go so far as to provide an alternate connotation to an event than what the average viewer would normally formulate. Parallelism is a method designed to do just that. This technique allows directors to have his audience associate a single action or event with a secondary action or event. The Strike parallels the slaughter of a daunt and the execution of factory workers to generate a deeper emotion than one would normally associate with murder. The audience does not view the execution as merely piling murder, but instead they compare the soldiers to a butcher and connect the murder itself to something heartless and revolting a slaughter. The Strike seems to tastefully use this method to change the purpose of the film itself a criticism of murder and execution. There is, however a fine line between what is tasteful and what is not. If this techniqu... ...en were sickened by the excessive visual conflict. Needless to say, these flashes took a significant amount of attention away from the narrative itself, and one can safely assume that such an event would tend to take aim a film rather unpopular.If the aesthetics of astonishment are not employed whatsoever, the film loses its purpose and becomes an empty recital of the actions of its characters. This deems the striking montage elements necessary. If these elements are overdone, then the audience can and will lose sight of the narrative element. Should this cause the audience to lose interest in the film altoget her, then the film is a failure and the director loses credibility. The most important aspect of creating a film is finding a healthy medium between completing the object glass of the film and presenting the narrative. Directors are responsible for depicting the necessary montage elements in a film while avoiding creating what Gunning describes as an excess of mimesis (FTC). One could argue that this truly conflict is what distinguishes films that find this medium as great films. Books used to support this paperFilm Theory and CriticismFilm Art

Juliets Diary :: Papers

Juliets Diary Sunday Today has been both amazing and terrible. terrible because I have fallen in delight with a wonderful, handsome man yet terrible as he is a Montague, my one enemy. baffle and father also wish me to marry Paris, one of father friends. Dancing with him tonight he seemed to be very charming. I am sure he is a lovely gentleman but I do not wish to marry him. I have met a man who I do wish to marry, Romeo. He is handsome and kind. We engaged in vows of love. He also wishes to marry me. He is very romantic he said to me My lips, two discolor pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. I could not help but fall for him. I met him tonight at my fathers party. Even our meeting was romantic our eyes met across the crowed party, hes extremely attractive he make me feel like no man had ever made me feel before. Ive always believed in love at first sight, Im so happy that its happened to me. Unfortunately our meeting at the party was cut short. This is when I ascertained my love was my enemy nurse told me His name is Romeo, and a Montague the only son of your great enemy. What does a name matter when you are in love? I would happily give up my name and be married to him. My only love sprung from my only hate Earlier Romeo snuck into the garden and we met again. He risked get caught for me so I know he loves me as much as I love him. He asked me to marry him just as I was astir(predicate) to leave. He said The exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. It wasnt the most romantic way to be asked to marry someone but I couldnt refuse Its I wanted. Im worried about how my fathers going to react to my news. We will have to get married in secret father would never let me marry

Tragic Realization Through Trials in Works of William Styron Essay

Tragic Realization Through Trials in Works of William Styron The significative view maintains that life is a struggle between good and evil that can not be justified morally. Samuel Coale suggests that it is that ethical quest, the search of values of William Styrons heroes amid the wicked realities of pain and suffering that plays into his novels (399). Nat Turner, in The Confessions of Nat Turner, revisits his insurrection and comes to terms with his relationship with God and his own role in the rebellion. The two main characters in Sophies Choice, Stingo and Sophie, both go through separate trials and end with different conclusions concerning mans impact in life. In The Long March, Captain Mannix struggles with senseless death and his role in an opposing society. individually of these characters fights others but is also forced to confront the hell that his or her body houses. The Confessions of Nat Turner is divided into two parts the rush of evil and violence and the s tabilize after the storm. The story of the insurrection is told in flashback as Nat analyzes his actions from his jail cell. Throughout the rebellion, Nat defends himself by saying that God has commanded him to rid the world of white people. However, as he continues through his meditation, he realizes that God may have not been there after all, prodding him along. His first revelation comes when he finds he cannot pray in jail. Though he attempts to do so, the words do not come and he does not feel Gods presence. Only after he thinks over the full ordeal can he begin to talk to God again. Nats motto throughout the insurrection originates from the Bible, The first shall be last and the last shall be first. Styron explain... ...6. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 60. naked York Gale, 1990, 399-403. Hoffman, Frederick J. William Styron The Metaphysical Hurt. The Art of Southern Fiction A Study of Some Modern Novelists. 1967. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism , Vol. 15. Detroit, land mile Gale, 1980, 524-26. Kakutani, Michiko. William Styron and His Life and Work. The New York Times Book Review. Dec 1982, 3,26. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 60. New York Gale, 1990, 394-96. Pearce, Richard. William Styron. American Writers. Ed. Leonard Unger. New York Scribners, 1974. Sophies Choice. Magill Book Reviews. 1979, n.pag. MAS. Styron, William. The Confessions of Nat Turner. New York Random,1966. _____. The Long March. New York Random, 1952. _____. Sophies Choice. New York Random, 1976.

Tragic Realization Through Trials in Works of William Styron Essay

Tragic Realization Through Trials in Works of William Styron The apocalyptic view maintains that life is a struggle between darling and evil that can non be justified morally. Samuel Coale suggests that it is that ethical quest, the search of values of William Styrons heroes amid the stark realities of pain and suffering that plays into his novels (399). Nat Turner, in The Confessions of Nat Turner, revisits his insurrection and comes to terms with his relationship with perfection and his own role in the rebellion. The two main characters in Sophies Choice, Stingo and Sophie, both go through separate trials and end with different conclusions concerning mans impact in life. In The Long March, Captain Mannix struggles with senseless death and his role in an opposing society. Each of these characters fights others but is also forced to confront the hell that his or her body houses. The Confessions of Nat Turner is divided into two parts the rush of evil and violence and the cal m after the storm. The story of the insurrection is told in flashback as Nat analyzes his actions from his discard cell. Throughout the rebellion, Nat defends himself by saying that God has commanded him to rid the world of white people. However, as he continues through his meditation, he realizes that God may have not been there after all, prodding him along. His first revelation comes when he finds he cannot pray in jail. Though he attempts to do so, the words do not come and he does not feel Gods presence. Only after he thinks over the entire ordeal can he begin to talk to God again. Nats motto throughout the insurrection originates from the Bible, The first shall be last and the last shall be first. Styron explain... ...6. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 60. New York Gale, 1990, 399-403. Hoffman, Frederick J. William Styron The Metaphysical Hurt. The Art of southern Fiction A Study of Some Modern Novelists. 1967. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vo l. 15. Detroit, Michigan Gale, 1980, 524-26. Kakutani, Michiko. William Styron and His Life and Work. The New York Times Book Review. Dec 1982, 3,26. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 60. New York Gale, 1990, 394-96. Pearce, Richard. William Styron. American Writers. Ed. Leonard Unger. New York Scribners, 1974. Sophies Choice. Magill Book Reviews. 1979, n.pag. MAS. Styron, William. The Confessions of Nat Turner. New York Random,1966. _____. The Long March. New York Random, 1952. _____. Sophies Choice. New York Random, 1976.

Michael D Nobles

Attention HR ManagerBoeingRe Aviation Technician startDear Sir/MadamIn response to your recent advertisement for an Aviation Technician, I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review.As you allow note, I have spent the past couple of years in the combined areas of ground Transportation, Towing logistics, Security, Alarm, Safety and Emergency systems installation and maintenance and I am looking to maximize my technical and mechanical skills to further business goals and bottom-line objectives.I am seeking to transition to the aviation field and to support this goal I am currently enrolled at the South Seattle Community College where I am pursuing my Aviation Maintenance Technology (AMT) degree.In my laughingstockdidacy, you will findA perfect safety record as well as an outstanding Technical and Mechanical AptitudeA team oriented professional with a positive work ethic and deep commitment to providing excellent resultsA track record of excellent performance as an employee at my various places of workplaceThe proven ability to build genuine rapportI would like the opportunity to meet with you personally where we may further discuss your organizations requirements and my qualifications. I can be reached at home on (425) 793-6223 or on my cell phone (425) 679-2079.I may also be contacted via email at emailprotected give thanks you for taking the time to review my resume and I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely,Michael D NoblesEnclosure

Michael Jackson The King Of Pop

In the 80s he was a legend, I suppose he unruffled is as his music is still very popular. But when your own news is hanging outside a balcony looking straight down on a 30-foot drop. You have to ask yourself. What was he thinking?Before you ask your self such a bizarre question we must remember what Michael is really storied for His mind-blowing music, his giving to write and produce his own music and his ability to indulge any womens heart with his magical lyrics. Heres a bit on how he was to be known as a musical legend.By 1982, Michael Jackson was riding high, having enjoyed a solo smash, and continuing to record and tour with The Jacksons. That was all to win over when Michael and Quincy J iodines returned to the studio to record what would become the biggest-selling album of all time Thriller. Crafting a perfect mixture of pop and R&B. Michael and Quincy set out to make a record containing nothing but hit hellholegles. With over-the-top goggle boxs for Billie Jean, Beat I t and the masterpiece short film Thriller, Michael became the first black artist to have a video played on TV. Eventually selling over 26 million copies in the US and winning 8 Grammies, Thriller became the international phenomenon of the 80s.When I first comprehend a few of his songs from his album thriller, I thought, Whats all the fuss about? he was just a normal guy promoting a new album. after(prenominal) hearing his songs over and over I was finally captivated by his unique melodies and the realism of his lyrics. My opinion on Michael was about to change.Who knew hed get addicted to malleable surgery, side of meat accusations of paedophilia, and end up Americas most famous sideshow. It wasnt until 1993 that he suffered serious damage to his image. Jackson was accused of child abuse by a teenaged friend, sparking major media frenzy. Through it all, Michael denied the accusations. You just knew the media had to destroy him before he could get better at what he did. I couldn t believe such a talent such a fascination in modern day would be interrupted by such peculiar accusations. To every ane, he became famous for changing his face every time youd see him on TV or in the newspaper. I was crushed his music was so inspiring and joyful, now his music was a disgrace, hed set a poor example after such a success in his music and lifestyle.I think his real appraisal would be that despite all his problems he was still able to provide his fans with more hit singles and more best selling albums. This is why he was to be known as a legend. He wasnt always best at interviews but his reputation did the talking. He didnt forget his lost fan as one of the singles on his new album (The lost children) reflects his feeling on how important it is to gain trust from his fans.One day I came down the steps and noticed Michaels new album invincible was laying there on the table. I listened to his music and realised that he had lost his talent. The inspiring lyrics were at peace(p), the catchy tunes were gone and his fame for writing great music had broken down. Michael was a changed man and so were his fans, the only music Michael would be renowned for was his album thriller and all his number one hits in the 80s and 90s. Intelligently Michael realised this himself and released the album with all his best songs and number one hits. He named it The best of Michael Jackson. Not having this album was a sin his best music written was compiled in this one album. The album was a dream to most of his fans.Michael stayed low for a while most of his time was worn-out(a) in court. First signs that Michael had turned insane were when he didnt arrive at one of his court cases. His excuse was that a wanderer bit him. It is a spider bite, Jackson told reporters. It is real bad. If I showed it to you, youd be shocked. It hurts very much right now as I speak.Apart from the spider bite Michael again was in the spotlight for an outrageous attempt to dangle his baby f rom a balcony. It is a clear-cut case of child en jeopardyment, reporters wrote of the baby-dangling incident. In addition to the obvious physical danger the child was in, he is also living in psychological danger with Michael as his single parent. All was going very bad for Michael. Being a fan of Michael Jackson was now a disgrace. He started his career as a superstar famous for his talented work in the studio. It ended on allegations that he is a bad single parent and his own baby should be taken from him. Things cannot get any worse for Michael his reputation had taken a major blow. Despite everything that happened to Michael, his music and albums would be locked away safely and described as probably the best and most talented music ever heard.A few days later Michael was asked in court. What were you thinking when your own son is hanging out a balcony being held in one hand? Michael replied Umm. Hes my son the audience couldnt stop laughing.

The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another

It was the year 2008. Exactly 833 days prior to the writing of this essay, Barack Obama was elected to be the 44th president of the United States of America. The road that lay ahead of this comparatively young, but undoubtedly brilliant politician was laden with pot-holes, cracks, and unpaved areas. He faced the repercussions of an economic meltdown, two foreign wars against an unidentifiable enemy, and dismal education system. It tummy be said that political limiting was eminent, with the several new faces on Capital Hill and a resounding cry of Hope among the nations voters.But at the same time, it could also be said that technologic landscape was changing as well. Social media, cell phones, cable television, and the internet would have been words of tomfoolery to anyone to begin with the 1990s. And yet, only 2 decades later all of the items listed above play a major role in the domestic and international political landscape. Never before this time decimal point would you have seen so many voters influenced by presidential thronedidates appearances on Saturday Night Live, or a mass riot in Egypt organized by Twitter.The examples of change during our current time period and several others from the past have lead me to believe that neither political or technical change are ever more important than the other, but instead each have a direct influence on one other that drives change to occur in general. The middle of the 20th century has been marked as a time of great triumph for the United States. The country was lastly being recognized as a modern day heavyweight on the international scene.Emerging relatively healthy from the Great Depression as well as two World Wars, it seemed that their was truly one worry on the minds of the Ameri tooshie Citizens The Rise of Communism. The tensions among the US and Eastern Europe and Asia were consistently on the rise. Our leaders did everything they could to warn their people about the dangers of that type of gover nment and how the country could show the world what the power of a democracy could accomplish. They heavily support scientific and medical advances, an increase in free enterprise, a movement for improved technology, as well as artistic and philosophical ideas.The results received were unbelievable, between the development of nuclear weaponry and advances in space exploration, the introduction of rock and roll, discovery of DNA, a cure for polio, and launch of nationwide television service, this time period may easily have been one of the greatest advances in technology in the history of mankind, but the forces that drove these events to occur had steep political backings, demo that although equal in importance, each could play a direct role on one-another.Now that examples have been given of important technological change affect politics and vice-versa, it is time to take a closer look at the time period in question the turn of the 19th century. It had been 36 geezerhood since the establishment of the United States and 11 since the new government had been put in place. Although this new government did have some kinks to work out, with some larger problems flood tide in the future, the vast majority the system did not require change.In the worlds of science, medicine, architecture, etc. , while some advances such as bi-focals, steam engines, and spinning jennys, thither was not necessarily an introduction that dramatically changed everyday functions of the citizens of the United States. Therefore, the time period of the early 1800s, although important, should be marked as somewhat of a cul in legal injury of change. It marked a time in which a country was trying to establish itself among other world powers, a country attempting to go far its infancy.A lot can be said about the concept of change. It can be viewed in both positive and negative light. In terms of political and technological change, it should be said that, no matter positive or negative, they consistently show a correlation between each-other. Major technological change can play an equally important role in how political change can occur, while important political change can play a major role in determining technological change, they both play an equally important part.Looking back through history, examples can be made of Egyptian Pharaohs forcing their people to make technological advances to build ancient temples, cities, and monuments. Also, advances made in travel during the later half of the 2nd millenary forced leaders of major powers to begin interacting on a more regular basis. No matter the time period, these two sections of possible change get out never have one show more importance than the other. As citizens, we should always be looking to make the right decisions and holding the correct beliefs, because change is inevitable, but growth is optional.

Shool Work

outstrip Chapter 2 Formulas, Functions, data formatting, and Web Queries MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. To start a raw line of descent in a electric cadre, press ____ after distributively line, except for the last line, which is completed by wienering the Enter shock, pressing the ENTER bring up, or pressing unity of the arrow appoints. a. ALT+ENTERc. SHIFT+ENTER b. CTRL+ENTERd. TAB+ENTER autonomic nervous systemAPTS1REFEX 87 2. If a cell has a two-digit grade of 32, go past automatically changes it to a four-digit year of ____. a. 1732c. 1932 b. 1832d. 2032 autonomic nervous systemCPTS1REFEX 88 3. Every time you enter a tax into a cell in the work ragtime, surmount automatically ____ facial expressions. . recalculates youthfulc. recalculates old b. recalculates somed. recalculates all autonomic nervous systemDPTS1REFEX 90 4. To save a previously saved workbook with a in the buff name or on a different drive, ____. a. click the Save loss on the Quick Access Tool breastwork b. c lick Save As on the File menu c. press CTRL+S d. click Save on the File menu autonomic nervous systemAPTS1REFEX 90 5. All of the following atomic offspring 18 valid Excel arithmetic operators except ____. a. c. % b. *d. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1REFEX 92 6. When Excel follows the order of operations, the traffic pattern, 8 * 3 + 2, gibes ____. a. 40c. 48 b. 26d. 13autonomic nervous systemBPTS1REFEX 92 7. When an defect occurs in a formula in a cell, Excel displays the ____ waiver next to the cell and identifies the cell with the error by placing a green triangle in the upper left-hand(a) field of the cell. a. Smart Tag Actionsc. Trace Error b. AutoCorrect Optionsd. Auto Fill Options autonomic nervous systemCPTS1REFEX 96 8. The ____ push lists formatting options following an insertion of cells, row, or mainstays. a. Paste Optionsc. Auto Fill Options b. Insert Optionsd. AutoCorrect Options autonomic nervous systemBPTS1REFEX 97 9. In Excel, amours evict be entered explo itation any of the following methods except the ____. . Function command on the Tools menuc. Insert Function box in the formula bar b. keyboard or mo engrossd. AutoSum command on the Formulas tab autonomic nervous systemAPTS1REFEX 98 10. How do you activate Range Finder to ramble a formula in a cell? a. Range Finder does non verify formulasc. Double-click in the cell b. Press the ESC keyd. Click the Range Finder button autonomic nervous systemCPTS1REFEX 106 11. apply the ____ button on the Ribbon instructs Excel to display additional decimal places in a cell. a. Auto tempered upc. Increase Decimal b. money Styled. Percent Style ANSCPTS1REFEX 116 2. Click ____ in the Conditional putting gallery to display the New Formatting Rule talksue box. a. Rule Formatc. New Format b. New Ruled. Format Rule ANSBPTS1REFEX 119 13. When Excel starts and the blank work rag week displays on the covering, all of the columns live a default width of ____. a. 8. 43 characters, or 64 pixelsc. 12. 75 points, or 17 pixels b. 64 characters, or 8. 43 pixelsd. 17 points, or 12. 75 pixels ANSAPTS1REFEX 122 14. ____ means that the width of the column will be increased or decreased so the widest entry will jib in the column. a. Auto column adjustc. Auto adjust b. Width settingd. Best fit ANSDPTS1REFEX 122 15. To instruct Excel to display a hidden column, position the mo make design of pointer to the ____. a. left of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the unspoilt b. right of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the left c. left of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the left d. right of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the rightANSDPTS1REFEX 122 16. If you want to increase or decrease column width auguryifi bay windowtly, you can right-click a column heading and then use the ____ command on the shortc ut menu to change the columns width. a. Column Widthc. Width Adjustment b. Adjust Widthd. Increase Column ANSAPTS1REFEX 123 17. As with column widths, when you decrease the row height to 0, the row is ____. a. hidden b. visible temporarily at the top of the worksheet c. deleted d. visible temporarily on the left side of the worksheet ANSAPTS1REFEX 126 18.To check the spelling of the school text in a single cell, ____ to make the formula bar active and then click the spell button on the Review tab on the Ribbon. a. double-click the formula barc. double-click the cell b. right-click the celld. right-click the formula bar ANSCPTS1REFEX 129 19. If a single cell is awarded so that the formula bar is not active and then the spell checker is started, Excel checks ____. a. only the text in the selected cell b. the remainder of the worksheet, including notes and embedded charts c. the spelling of all sheets in the workbook d. the remainder of the worksheet, not including notes and embedded charts ANSBPTS1REFEX 129 20. Which view allows you to create or modify a worksheet while viewing how it will look in printed format. a. publish Viewc. paginate Layout View b. Normal Viewd. Print Layout View ANSCPTS1REFEX 129 21. You can check formulas for errors by clicking the ____ button on the Formulas tab on the Ribbon. a. Formula Checkerc. Formula b. Error Checkingd. Error Validating ANSBPTS1REFEX 129 Figure 2-3 22. In the Print dialog box shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print the selected score. . Selection option buttonc. Active sheet(s) option button b. Print to file check boxd. Collate check box ANSAPTS1REFEX 133 23. In the Print dialog shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print the worksheet currently on the screen or the selected worksheets. a. Selection option buttonc. Active sheet(s) option button b. Print to file check boxd. Collate check box ANSCPTS1REFEX 133 24. In the Print dialog box shown in the accompanyi ng figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print all the worksheets with issue in the workbook. a. Entire workbook option buttonc. Selection option button b. All option buttond. Active sheet(s) option button ANSAPTS1REFEX 133 25. In the accompanying figure, what will be printed when you click the OK button? a. The accurate workbookc. All pages in the worksheet b. The active workbookd. The active worksheet ANSDPTS1REFEX 133 26. Excel does not display the Print dialog box shown in the accompanying figure when the ____ is used. a. Print button in a dialog boxc. Print button in the Preview window b. Print command on the File menud. Print button on the Quick Access Toolbar ANSDPTS1REFEX 133 Figure 2-2 27.In the accompanying figure, the rapscallion Setup button displays the ____ dialog box. a. Print setup for the pagec. Page Setup b. Setupd. Page ANSCPTS1REFEX 133 28. The ____ button, in the accompanying figure, allows you to view the page in larger or smaller sizes in the Preview window. a. Next pagec. Page Setup b. Zoomd. Preview ANSBPTS1REFEX 133 29. To toggle between the determine version and the formulas version of a worksheet, hold down the ____ key. a. ALT key while pressing the try MARK () b. ALT key while pressing the SINGLE QUOTATION MARK () c. CTRL key while pressing the ACCENT MARK () . CTRL key while pressing the SINGLE QUOTATION MARK () ANSCPTS1REFEX 135 30. The formulas version verifies that you entered formulas, rather than ____, in formula-based cells. a. textc. functions b. rimed. vaulting horse bill bill signs ANSBPTS1REFEX 135 31. The ____ of the worksheet shows the demonstrable formulas you begin entered, rather than the resulting set. a. Actual symbolc. formulas version b. current versiond. Formulas Print symbol ANSCPTS1REFEX 135 32. The process of finding and correcting errors in a worksheet is called ____. a. searching and replacingc. verifying b. debuggingd. validatingANSBPTS1REFEX 135 33. To import selective information stored on a Web site use a ____. a. Web queryc. Web import b. Web searchd. Web copy ANSAPTS1REFEX 137 34. Most Excel specialists who build Web queries use the worksheet returned from the Web query as an engine to supply data to another ____ in the workbook. a. rangec. cell b. dialog boxd. worksheet ANSDPTS1REFEX 137 35. What name does Excel give the first blank worksheet? a. Book1c. Worksheet1 b. Workbook1d. Sheet1 ANSDPTS1REFEX 140 36. To rename sheets, double-click the sheet tab in the lower-left corner of the window, suit the stark naked sheet name, and then ____. . click the Cancel boxc. click the Name box b. press the ESC keyd. press the ENTER key ANSDPTS1REFEX 141 Figure 2-5 37. In the accompanying figure, what is the first step in renaming the worksheet? a. Copy the name from an existing worksheet. b. Double-click the worksheet tab. c. fictitious character the new name next to the old one. d. Delete the first worksheet in the workbook. ANSBPTS1REFEX 141 38. In the accompanying fig ure, to move between worksheets, use the ____ to the left of the sheet tabs. a. worksheet scrolling buttonc. tab scrolling buttons b. worksheet advancing buttond. sheet open-close button ANSCPTS1REFEX 141 39. Longer worksheet names also can mean that ____ sheet tabs will show. a. fewerc. more b. alld. no more ANSAPTS1REFEX 141 40. E-mailing a workbook from Excel sends the workbook as a(n) ____ in the e-mail. a. picturec. box b. allianced. table ANSBPTS1REFEX 143 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following are considered guidelines to use when making decisions about creating a new workbook? a. Determine the incumbent formulas and functions needed b. Identify how to format various elements of the worksheet c. Specify how the printed worksheet should appear d. Enter data into the worksheets and format the cells ANSA, B, CPTS1REFEX 85 2. Using arithmetic operation, the formula, =d4*e4, is the same as which formulas? a. D4 * E4c. =D4 * E4 b. d4 * e4d. =d4 * e4 ANSC, DPTS1REFEX 92 3. You can apply chinkal formatting to ____. a. a cellc. a range of cells b. the entire worksheetd. the entire workbook ANSA, B, C, DPTS1REFEX 118 4. Which buttons in the Spelling dialog box will not change the spelling of the interchange? a. AutoCorrectc. Ignore Once b. tease apart Lastd. Ignore All ANSC, DPTS1REFEX 128 . Which statements are true about the Excel spell checker? a. It can check notes and embedded charts. b. It can check all sheets in a workbook. c. It can check in one language and offer suggestions in another language. d. When it reaches the end of the worksheet, it will hold if you want to continue checking at the beginning. ANSA, B, DPTS1REFEX 129 TRUE/FALSE 1. The arithmetic operator, , directs Excel to perform the division operation. ANSFPTS1REFEX 92 2. carrel references in formulas must be entered in uppercase, and spaces cannot be added before or after arithmetic operators. ANSFPTS1REFEX 92 . Regardless of the length and complexne ss of a formula, using Point mode to enter formulas always is slower and less accurate than using the keyboard. ANSFPTS1REFEX 94 4. When a formula is copied, Excel adjusts the cell references so the new formulas contain references corresponding to the new location and performs calculations using the appropriate values. ANSTPTS1REFEX 96 5. A pine drop back indicator is a block plus sign located in the center of the cell. ANSFPTS1REFEX 96 6. The AVERAGE function requires that the line of merchandise (the range) be included within parentheses before the function name.ANSFPTS1REFEX 98 7. When Point mode is used to enter a formula or function, the arrow keys can be used to complete the entry. ANSFPTS1REFEX 100 8. Excel has more than 400 functions. ANSTPTS1REFEX 104 9. One of the least common mistakes made with Excel is to include the wrong cell reference in a formula. ANSFPTS1REFEX 106 10. To use Range Finder to verify that a formula contains the intended cell references, right-click the cell with the formula to be checked. ANSFPTS1REFEX 106 11. Excel does not allow the contents of a cell to be aligned vertically. ANSFPTS1REFEX 114 12.The Comma Style button is located on the Ribbon. ANSTPTS1REFEX 115 13. When using conditional formatting, if the condition is true, then Excel applies the formatting. ANSTPTS1REFEX 118 14. With conditional formatting, if the value of the cell changes and no longer meets the specified condition, Excel suppresses the conditional formatting. ANSTPTS1REFEX 121 15. A character is a dot on the screen that contains a color. ANSFPTS1REFEX 122 16. A pixel is defined as a letter, morsel, symbol, or punctuation mark in 10-point Arial font, the default font used by Excel. ANSFPTS1REFEX 122 17.The default row height in a blank worksheet is 12. 75 points (or 17 pixels). ANSFPTS1REFEX 122 18. To skip correcting a enunciate identified by the spell checker, click the Ignore Once button in the Spelling dialog box. ANSTPTS1REFEX 128 19. If a cell other than cell A1 is selected before starting the spell checker, Excel will display a dialog box when the spell checker reaches the end of the worksheet, asking if the spell checker should continue checking at the beginning. ANSTPTS1REFEX 129 20. You can preview a worksheet using the Print Preview button on the menu bar. ANSFPTS1REFEX 133 21.To import external data from a World Wide Web site, it is necessary to have access to the Internet. ANSTPTS1REFEX 137 Figure 2-1 22. In the accompanying figure, the two middle scroll buttons to the left of the sheet tabs move to the first or last worksheet in the workbook. ANSFPTS1REFEX 141 23. In the accompanying figure, the leftmost and rightmost scroll buttons to the left of the sheet tabs move one worksheet to the left or right. ANSFPTS1REFEX 141 24. The tabs at the bottom of the worksheet window, in the accompanying figure, allow any of the worksheets in the workbook to be viewed. ANSTPTS1REFEX 141 25.When a workbook is sent as an attachm ent to an e-mail, the recipient can double-click the attachment to open it in Excel, or save it on disk and then open it at a later time. ANSTPTS1REFEX 143 COMPLETION 1. The ____________________ preceding a formula is important because it alerts Excel that a formula or function is being entered and not text. ANSequal sign PTS1REFEX 91 2. Excel places a small purple triangle, called a(n) ____________________, in a cell to indicate that a smart tag is available. ANSsmart tag indicator PTS1REFEX 96 3. A blank cell in Excel has a numerical value of ____________________. ANS zero 0 PTS1REFEX 98 . The values used with a function are called ____________________. ANSarguments PTS1REFEX 98 5. The ____________________ function corresponds the subprograms in the specified range and then divides the sum by the number of non-zero cells in the range. ANSAVERAGE function PTS1REFEX 99 6. The ____________________ function displays the highest value in a range. ANSMAX PTS1REFEX 101 7. The ________ ____________ function determines the lowest value in a range. ANSMIN PTS1REFEX 102 8. The ____________________ inserts a comma every(prenominal) three positions to the left of the decimal point and causes numbers to be displayed to the nearest hundredths.ANSComma Style format PTS1REFEX 114 9. A(n) ____________________ is a dollar sign that appears immediately to the left of the first digit in a cell with no spaces. ANSfloating dollar sign PTS1REFEX 117 10. Formatting that appears only when the value in a cell meets specified conditions is called ____________________. ANSconditional formatting PTS1REFEX 118 11. A(n) ____________________ is defined as a letter, number, symbol, or punctuation mark in the default font used by Excel. ANScharacter PTS1REFEX 122 12. A(n) ____________________ is a dot on the screen that contains a color.ANSpixel PTS1REFEX 122 13. ____________________ means that the width of a column will be increased or decreased so the widest entry will fit in the column. ANSBest fit PTS1REFEX 122 14. ____________________ is a technique that can be used to conceal data that might not be relevant to a particular report or sensitive data that others should not see. ANSHiding cells PTS1REFEX 122 Figure 2-4 15. To correct a word throughout a worksheet, click the ____________________ in the Spelling dialog box shown in the accompanying figure. ANSChange All button PTS1REFEX 127 16.To hang in words to the dictionary, click the ____________________ in the Spelling dialog box shown in the accompanying figure when Excel identifies the word as not in the dictionary. ANSAdd to Dictionary button PTS1REFEX 127 17. Click the ____________________ in the Spelling dialog box shown in the accompanying figure to add a misspelled word and its correct spelling to the list of words that Excel automatically will change. ANSAutoCorrect button PTS1REFEX 127 18. The ____________________ of a worksheet is the version that shows the results of the formulas entered, rather tha n the actual formulas.ANSvalues version PTS1REFEX 135 19. The ____________________ of a worksheet is the version that shows the actual formulas entered, rather than the resulting values. ANSformulas version PTS1REFEX 135 20. ____________________ is the process of finding and correcting errors in a worksheet. ANSDebugging PTS1REFEX 135 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. The TOTAL function sums the numbers in the specified range and then divides the sum by the number of nonzero cells in the range. ANSF, AVERAGE PTS1REFEX 99TOP unfavorable thinking 2. The HIGHVALUE function displays the highest value in a range.ANSF, MAX PTS1REFEX 101TOPCritical Thinking 3. The AVERAGE function displays the lowest value in a range. ANSF, MIN PTS1REFEX 102TOPCritical Thinking 4. A radix is a predefined set of colors, fonts, chart styles, cell styles, and fill effects that can be applied to an entire workbook. . ANSTPTS1REFEX 107 TOPCritical Thinking 5. A fixed dollar sign appears to the far left in the cell, ofte n with spaces between it and the first digit whereas a moving dollar sign appears immediately to the left of the first digit with no spaces. . ANSF, floating PTS1REFEX 114TOPCritical ThinkingMATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that scoop out matches the phrase or definition. a. Web queryf. smart tag b. order of operationsg. function c. argumentsh. pixel d. themei. debugging e. conditionj. spell checker 1. Identifies certain actions to take on specific data in workbooks. 2. Used for importing into Excel data that is stored on a Web site. 3. Takes a value or values, performs an operation, and returns a result to the cell. 4. When more than one arithmetic operator is involved in a formula, Excel follows an order from left to right in a formula calculation. 5.A predefined set of colors, fonts, chart styles, cell styles, and fill effects that can be applied to an entire workbook. 6. A dot on the screen that contains a color and its size is based on the screens resolution. 7. If true, then Excel applies the formatting. If false, then Excel suppresses the formatting. 8. Compares words on the worksheet to words contained in its standard dictionary. 9. Values that are used with a function. 10. Finding and correcting errors in the worksheet. 1. ANSFPTS1REFEX 96 2. ANSAPTS1REFEX 137 3. ANSGPTS1REFEX 98 4. ANSBPTS1REFEX 92 5. ANSDPTS1REFEX 107 6.ANSHPTS1REFEX 122 7. ANSEPTS1REFEX 118 8. ANSJPTS1REFEX 127 9. ANSCPTS1REFEX 98 10. ANSIPTS1REFEX 135 ESSAY 1. Excels strength lies in its handling of numbers and the presentation of them. Discuss some of the considerations to save in brainpower when formatting numbers. In the discussion, include the terms fixed dollar sign, floating dollar sign, currency, and percent. ANS Excel displays numbers using the Accounting publication Format with a dollar sign to the left of the number, inserts a comma every three positions to the left of the decimal point, and displays numbers to the nearest cent (hundredths place).Clicking the Accounting Number Format button on the Ribbon assigns the desired accounting number format. When you use the Accounting Number Format button to assign the accounting number format, Excel displays a fixed dollar sign to the far left in the cell, often with spaces between it and the first digit. The Accounting Number Format button assigns a fixed dollar sign to the numbers. To assign a floating dollar sign that appears immediately to the left of the first digit with no spaces, use the Currency Style in the Format Cells dialog box. The Comma Style format is used to instruct Excel to display numbers with commas and no dollar signs.The Comma Style format, which can be assigned to a range of cells by clicking the Comma Style button on the Ribbon, inserts a comma every three positions to the left of the decimal point and causes numbers to be displayed to the nearest hundredths. You can choose from 12 categories of formats. Once you select a category, you can select the number of decima l places, whether or not a dollar sign should be displayed, and how negative numbers should appear. Selecting the appropriate negative numbers format is important, because doing so adds a space to the right of the number in order to align the numbers in the worksheet on the decimal points.Some of the available negative number formats do not align the numbers in the worksheet on the decimal points. The Percent Style button instructs Excel to display a value as a percentage, determined by multiplying the cell entry by 100, rounding the result to the nearest percent, and adding a percent sign. PTS1TOPCritical Thinking 2. Discuss how to use conditional formatting, which is the feature of applying conditional operators to a cell, range, worksheet, or workbook. ANS Excel allows an applied formatting to appear only when the value in a cell meets conditions specified by the user.This character reference of formatting is called conditional formatting. Any format can be conditionally assigne d to a cell, a range of cells, a worksheet, or an entire workbook. If the value of the cell changes and no longer meets the specified condition, Excel suppresses the conditional formatting. Usually, conditional formatting is applied to a range of cells that contains values to highlight, if conditions warrant. For example, instructing Excel to change the color of the background of a cell if the value in the cell meets a condition, such as being less than 0.A condition, which is made up of two values and a relational operator, is true or false for each cell in the range. If the condition is true, then Excel applies the formatting. If the condition is false, then Excel suppresses the formatting. What makes conditional formatting so powerful is that the cells appearance can change as you enter new values in the worksheet. Conditional formatting (relational) operators include cell values that are between or not between two numbers equal to or not equal to a number greater than or less th an a number greater than or equal to a number and less than or equal to a number.PTS1TOPCritical Thinking 3. Discuss the relationship of debugging and displaying or printing the formulas version of a worksheet. Also describe the inequality between the formulas version and the values version. ANS The values version of the worksheet shows the results of the formulas entered, rather than the actual formulas. Excel also can display and print the formulas version of the worksheet, which shows the actual formulas entered, rather than the resulting values. Toggling between the values version and formulas version is possible by holding down the CTRL key while ressing the ACCENT MARK () key. The formulas version is effectual for debugging a worksheet. Debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors in the worksheet. Viewing and printing the formulas version instead of the values version makes it easier to see any mistakes in the formulas. When changing from the values version to the formulas version, Excel increases the width of the columns so the formulas and text do not overflow to adjacent cells on the right. The formulas version of the worksheet usually is significantly wider than the values version.To fit the wide printout on one page, set the orientation to landscape, and the Fit to option in the Page sheet in the Page Setup dialog box. PTS1TOPCritical Thinking CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 Leo, owner of Leos Bread Company, has recently acquired Excel 2007. He would like to set up a workbook to track sales of different types of breads to determine which types are the most popular among customers. He is particularly interested in sales of rye whiskey bread, onion rolls, and bagels. Leo uses the Accounting Number Format with the sales numbers he enters into the cells. . After Leo enters the sales numbers into the cells, he decides he does not want the fixed dollar sign to appear on the far left of the cell, separated by white spaces from the a ctual value. He would prefer that the dollar sign appear immediately to the left of the first digit of the number. To format the location of the dollar sign, which category on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box would he select? a. Generalc. Currency b. Numberd. Accounting ANS C PTS1REFEX 114 116TOPCritical Thinking 2.The worksheets still have the default names assigned to them automatically by Excel. How would Leo rename the worksheets to Rye Bread, Onion Rolls, and Bagels? a. In cell A1, press ALT+ENTER keys and type the new name. c. Select cell A1 of the worksheet and type the new name. b. Double-click the worksheet tab, type the new name, and press the ENTER key. d. Click the top center cell on the worksheet and type the new name. ANS B PTS1REFEX 141TOPCritical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 Anna is a competitive runner.She wants to improve her performance and decides to keep track of data for six months to determine if the time of day or year affects p erformance numbers. On a single worksheet, she labels the columns B through E as follows (B) Start Time, (C) End Time, (D) append Time, (E) Distance. The rows are labeled (2) Date, (3)Maximum, (4) Average, (5) Minimum. 3. After three months, Anna wants to know the longest total time she has run, as listed in the Total Time column. By looking at the values in the column, she finds the longest total time to be 54 minutes.Instead of manually entering that value in cell D3 (Maximum Total Time), Anna decides to use the MAX function to determine the value rather than manually entering the 54 minutes. Why did Anna prefer to use the MAX function? a. She believes that 54 minutes is her best running time. c. She believes that 54 minutes is not her best running time. b. The MAX function recalculates the highest value each time a new value is entered into the worksheet. d. The MAX function provides a constant value that will not change for this cell when a new value is entered into the worksh eet. ANSB PTS1REFEX 102TOPCritical Thinking 4. When she sets up the worksheet, Anna wants to the know the total distance she runs. What should she do in cell E4 to determine the average distance? a. Enter the text =av and then select the AVERAGE function from the AutoComplete list then enter the cell range. c. Enter the text =function and then select the AVERAGE function from the AutoFunction list then enter the cell range. b. Enter the text E2E9 and then enter the cell range. d. Enter the text E2E9/9 and then enter the cell range. ANS A PTS1REFEX 99TOPCritical Thinking

Hamlet Quotations Act 1 Essay

Hamlet Quotations Act 1INSTRUCTIONSForeachquote(a)Identifythespeaker,towhomitisaddressed,andthesituation,(b)Explain(indetail)thesignificanceofthequoteintermsof everythatapplythemes,characterrevelation,plotdevelopment,dramaticdevices(irony,foreshadowing),poeticdevices(simile,metaphor,alliteration),etc.(c)Uploadtoturnitin.comEXAMPLEThisbodessomestrange irruptiontoourstate.(a)HoratioisspeakingtoMarcellusHoratioisreferringtotheghostofHamletSr.thattheyhavejustwitnessed.(b)HoratiobelievesthattheghostisappearingbecausefoulplaywasinvolvedwithHamletSr.sdeath.Heis nonpositiveaboutit,butheknowsthatsomethingstrangeishappening.Thiseventputstheactionoftheplayinmotion(plotdevelopment).Also,thecommentforeshadowstheimpendingdoomthatDenmarkwhitethornbefacing.1. Alittlemorethankin,andlessthankind.2. Weprayyouthrowtoearththisunprevailingwoe,andthinkofusasafather3. Othatthis in any casetoosulliedfleshwouldmelt4. Frailty,thynameiswomanOmostwickedspeedTopostwithsuchdexteritytoincestuoussheetsDonotassomeung raciouspastorsdo,showmethesteepandthornywaytoheaven,whilelikeapuffdandrecklesslibertinehimselfthe primrosepathofdalliancetreads6. Thisabovealltothineownselfbetrue7. Whenthebloodburns,howprodigalthesoullendsthetonguevows.8. Thedramofevildothallthenoblesubstanceoftendouttohisownscandal.9. SomethingisrotteninthestateofDenmark.10.Revengehisfoulandmostunnaturalmurder.11.Hastemetoknowt,thatIwith travelasswiftasmeditationorthethoughtsoflovemaysweeptomyrevenge.12.Theserpentthatdidstingyourfatherslifenowwearshiscrown.OmypropheticsoulMyuncle13.OmostperniciouswomanOvillain,villain,smilingdamnedvillainThatonemaysmile,andsmile,andbeavillain.14. on that pointaremorethingsinheavenandearth,Thanaredreamtofinyourphilosophy.15.Thetimeisoutofjoint.Ocursedspite,thatIwasborntosetitright.

Public Health P1. P2

Public Health Unit 12 Petra P1 Public wellness is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting wellness through the organized efforts and assured choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals (1920, C. E. A. Winslow). This therefore infers public health is the preventing and controlling of disease at heart communities, to prolong life and promote health through organised society.The keys aspects of public health -Monitoring the overall health status of the population, this regards the recording of any changes of health in the population and alerting people to potential risks, for example the higher levels of smoking at heart a population. -Identifying the health needs within a population, which pick ups establishing patterns and trends of health problems within to identify implications service users may be at risk of, for example in relation to smoking, assessing the likely increase in need for cancer support s ervices. Developing programmes to reduce the risk and screening for diseases earlier on, which refers to the attempts of reducing the levels of illness, by introducing mod programmes which inform people that they be at risk of certain conditions and aiding them into trying out new preventative programmes? For example if a doctor identifies someone at risk from cancer due to smoking, they may enrol them on a programme to help determine smoking, or even provide them with medication to stop them smoking. -Controlling of communicable disease.This is the reduction of the impact of infectious disease, through immunisation and other control methods. For example, vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella, it may also include food hygiene in restaurants and other food suppliers preventing food poisoning. Health promotion to the population. This can be done by events and activities which reduce health implications. For example, for people suffering with obesity, it may involve campa igns to encourage people to be more active and eat a better diet, like the 5 a day campaign. Planning and evaluating the provision of health and social care, which involves assessing health services and whether or not they are having enough impact on the initial problem, for example in the case of obesity, it may involve the question of, can local services meet the demand of weight management advice, or are the services being successful in percentage people to reduce their weight and endure that change. P2 Public health has grown and improved since its creation in the 19th deoxycytidine monophosphate.It was created from the Poor Law system and the prudish sanitary reform movement. The Poor Law was in place, to ensure people of the lower working class( abject people) were being housed properly, whether it were in workhouses or their own homes, it also ensured they were appropriately clothed and fed a sufficient amount of food. In a lot of workhouses, children were also schooled a little, and in return for this treatment, the working class would be obliged to work for several hours a day.During industrialisation and the fast growth in cities, standards began to fall, which led to many concerns involving poor housing, dirty water supplies and air defilement bad air and the immense impacts this had on the health of the work population all together. Origins of the public health policy in the UK from the 19th Century to have day The nineteenth century- The first national Public Health Act 1848 This was created and put into place, due to a man known as Edwin Chadwick. He was an active campaigner on many public health issues, such as the poor working/housing conditions and the sanitary reform.His report in 1842 include a massive amount of evidence supporting the link between environment, poverty and ill health. He recommended that each local authority required an adroit medical and civil engineering advice, to administer all sanitary matters. It took six years u ntil the Public Health act was passed and the first Board of health was established. jakes Snow and the Broad Street pump butt Snow was a man whom believed that the water pollution was the main cause of ill health within the population of London in the 19th Century. He linked the common illness cholera to people whom drank from the wells.He observed those getting ill and which areas and pumps they drank from and recorded it on a map, he was then able to establish all those getting ill were in fact drinking from the same pump, and consequently in 1854 John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump and ceased the epidemic of Cholera in Soho, London John Simon and the 1866 Sanitary Act John Simon was professionally a physician, but he became famous for him dramatic reforms of the public health system. He was the first medical officer in the UKs central government, and he influenced public health by improving public vaccination systems.He also was the founder of the water suppl y cleaner and made sewers more effective. The twentieth century The Beveridge Report 1942 William Beveridge was a man whom was asked by government to write a report on the best and most effective ways to help those on low incomes. This was after the Second World War when people felt they needed rewarding, which the government responded to by promising to create a more liken society. In Beveridges report in December 1942, he proposed that all people of a working age should contribute, which would benefit people who were sick, unemployed, retired, or widowed.The national Health Service (NHS) The NHS was created on the back of the Beveridge report. This allowed free care to those who could not afford it. It provided hospital services, primary care (doctors- family clinics) and community services such as health visitors, midwives, ambulance services and many more. Acheson Report into inequalities in health 1998 He comprised a report that pointed out 39 recommendations and highlighted 3 crucial areas of which would need concentrating on, which are 1) all policies that are likely to have impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequality. ) Priority to the health of families with children. 3) Further steps should be taken to reduce the income inequalities and improve the standards of poor households. Our Healthier Nation 1999 This strategy was released by the labour government after their pick in 1997, it has very clear links with the Acheson report and attempted to tackle the root causes of ill health such as pollution, unemployment, low wages, crime and poor housing.Choosing Health Making Healthy Choices Easier 2004 This white paper acknowledged the changing nature in society, and an increased emphasis on health and well-being. The strategy had trine key underpinning principles informal choice, personalization and working together. Its main priorities were to reduce the number of people who smoke, reduce obesity and improve diet and nutrition, increase exercise, encourage support of aware drinking and the improvement of overall sexual health.

Women as Sexsual Object

Sexism Women as Sexual Objects Since the beginning of time, women cede always been described by men as having hinge onual appeal. However, most of the descriptions held a cast out stigma in them. In Koreas fairytale, there exists a mythical gumiho, a nine-tailed fox who could transform into a beautiful cleaning lady so that they disregard seduce unsuspecting men and eat their livers. What does this tells us? manpower, bew ar There argon beautiful women out there who be out to trick you so that she can eat your liver. This reeks of sexual urgeism where women atomic number 18 held in ostracise assumptions.Media further reinforces this view by broadcasting shows, programs or video games that exploit womens sexual appeal. In the past, women are blamed if they could allure other womens men they are said to be wicked and bad (or to employ the common word, a whore). If they are raped, it will always be the womens fault they wore revealing clothes, they were seducing him, etc. T he men were never blamed, at least not directly. They are absolved of every responsibilities towards the women, even out if the women that they had raped became pregnant and were the subject of ridicule among other people.Even when the men are punished for their crimes, the women will always bear a stigma they are considered to be dirty and have lower status than a slave. I watch a lot of Korean dramas. They usually are centered on the theme of love. There usually will be two types of woman characters in the story. First and foremost is the heroine. She can be a successful woman in her career, or a naive school girl, or a woman who is facing some difficulties in her life they will always be identifiable because they are the good girl who are kind to others or are sympathetic to others plight.They will always get the heroes. Then, there are the other women on the other side of spectrum. They are usually the bad girl, the maven who wanted to steal the heroes. They are the scheming t emptresses, are Janus-faced and are out to get the heroine. However, in the end, justice will prevail and the bad girls will get whats coming to her. This is a type of negative stereotyping. Either the girl is kind and innocent, or the girl is a wily seductress. The girls sexuality is viewed as a bad thing her weapons in tricking mankind. Womans sexuality is further exploited in video games.A 1998 study found that a significant amount of games portrayed women as sex objects (Dietz). There have been a lot of Japanese adult video games published recently where the goal of the games is for the role player to break the wills of the women characters and seduce them until they become his close-fitting sex slave. An example of this game is Gibo Stepmothers Sins. In this game, the players father had just gotten married and his new wife and her daughter had moved into the players house. The player had a grudge a go onst his real mother because he had walk upon his mother part she was ch eating on his father.He transferred his hatred towards his new mother,Misaki and move very hard to seduce her in order to prove his point that all women are depraved and couldnt contain their sexual wanton feelings to themselves. In the course of proving his point, he groped Misaki on the crowded public train and let everyone else see her stepmother macrocosmness covered in his semen (after he covered his birth pant, of course). He also installed small hidden camera in the bath room so that he can wad a peek of Misaki and her daughter, Shiina showering and utilise the toilet at a later time.He repeatedly tried to bend Misakis will to match to his wants and punished her psychologically when she refused. For example, Misaki wanted them to feel standardized a real family and asked him to call her mom. He then slyly agreed to follow her request in exchange for a kiss on the lips. When she ab initio refused, he cajoled her into agreeing to his terms. This happens repeatedly throu ghout the game, even when she repeatedly says no, until her will is broken and she became his sex slave. This game cleverly avoided using physical military unit to break the women characters sort of the player had to use psychological persuasions to get what he wants.Never the less, this game still degrades women and their sexuality. Then, there are video games where the player d featureright raped women to break their wills. RapeLay is one of these games. In this game, the player initially attempt to grope a girl named Aoi, but was arrested when she reported it. His parents bribed his way out though, and he planned to take visit against Aoi for busting him by raping her as well as her mother and sister. The girls will be groped until they are aroused against their will, and then they are raped. Once a girls will is broken, you can count on her to help you molest her relatives.If she is pregnant, which happened when you choose to ejaculate inside her while having vaginal sex, you will have to force her to terminate the baby if you want to live through the game. However, the girl will commit suicide after this by taking a poison pill. You are plain to rape these women as long as the game doesnt end. Though the sex themselves are non-consensual, there was never any abandon nor torture while the player is raping the women. Usually, the women will give in after a while, and they even enjoyed the sex (supposedly).As you can see, this does not bode well with women. Are we supposed to larn that a woman will enjoyed the sex while she is being raped by a stranger, even though she initially resists his intention? If this is taken as a fact, then the psycho will took this as a legitimate precedent to rape women against their will because according to the video games, the women may resists it at scratch line but they will enjoy it after a while. This misperception is dangerous for women. If the men believed this, then women are prone to be subjected to physical a nd emotional abuse in their relationships.A research by Apt and Hurlbert (1993) noted that women who experienced sexual abuse in their relationships expressed higher levels of sexual dissatisfaction and has negative attitudes toward sex. They also will have a tendency to avoid sex altogether compared to women who did not suffer any abuse whatsoever. This reality is a far cry from the games depiction that women enjoyed being raped. Even more disturbing is the possibility that women who experienced sexual violence may blame themselves for the experiences (Bennice et al. , 2003).Furthermore, in one research, college students rated fe young-begetting(prenominal) characters in video games to be more sexually provocative than the male characters (Ogletree & Drake, 2007), which shows that these students have a negative perception towards womens sexuality. Video games that feature women as a tough dame with guns have become popular during recent years. Lara Croft is one of them. This game features Lara Croft, the protagonist, who travels around the world in the mission of searching for rare and mystical artifacts. Lara is the ultimate sex symbol.Shes sexy, shes brainy, shes athletic, and she kicks and kills people, literally (or at least, she does in the video game). She is a powerful woman who can fight to protect herself. This is what Toby Gard, the motive of Lara Croft, intends for Lara to be she is sexy because she is powerful. However, other people attributed her status as a sex symbol mainly because of her physical appearance, or to be exact, her clay. Play station Magazine even listed big breast as one of her famous physical attributes. It also help that the game is in 3D mode, which makes Lara body appears realistic, even when it is not.Laras body in reality is an image product of a mans fantasy. When the game is adapted to real life characterization, Angelina Jolie, who played her had to extend padding on her breast to add the big breast effect to Laras character (Lara Croft has 36D cup size while Jolies is 36C). She also has to gain some weight to portray Laras curvaceous body. Angelina Jolie has stated that personally, she is comfortable with her own body and wouldnt want breast as big as Laras. However, many players, especially men, appeared to be happy with Laras body.They performed in-game actions to view closer camera angles of her breast, and some fans also created cheat code that would make Lara removed her clothing. any(prenominal) fans also created artworks called the Nude Raider, which featured images of Lara in the nude. It has become a trend nowadays to produce word-paintings that featured women as a tough chick who are involved in violent fights. Example of one is Kill Bill, produced by Quentin Tarantino. It tells the story of the Bride, a ninja assassin, who is on a mission to kill all of her former assassin colleagues who took part in the massacre on her wedding day.She was shot in the head by Bill, her former b oss and lover during her wedding day. The movie justify the Brides actions by acknowledging that she deserved her vengeance after being wronged by her boss and his entire assassin squad. The film was filled with action and violence all the way. The Bride went on a kill spree mission, assassinating the people on her kill list, and the sight was not pleasant. There are a lot of bloods splashed, bloody-minded images of limbs parting ways with the body. And funnily enough, almost all of the assassin squad is women. The only exception was Budd, Bills brother.This film glorifies women as killing machines. They are the absolute femme fatale whose looks can kill (literally). The heroine herself is a powerful woman, which in turn make her hot. Women embrace this perception of female aggressive sexuality. I myself, on occasion, woolgather of being a lethal woman, who can fight her way out of trouble. It is appealing to think of myself that way, because to me a femme fatale is both hot and sexy. I think the reason we find an aggressive women sexy is because we can protect ourselves from threats, and the notion of being able to fight is opposite to the traditional view of womens femininity.Women has always been viewed as weak and relying on the strength of a man to protect them from harm, and the idea that we could defy that and be able to fight a man on our own are very appealing. The women are empowered by strength and the ability to handles weapons its not hard to see why women are attracted to this view. Among other things, women are also affected by the ideal body portrayed in video games. In video games, the women character is busty and curvy while being thin at the same time. Of course, this is not realistically possible.It has been confirmed that young women usually compare themselves with the models they see in advertisement (Richins, 1991). And they dont wish what they see in themselves. However, women are still obsessed with achieving what they saw as the p erfect body and go on extensive diet to acquire it. In the course they neglect to take proper care of their body. And when they still couldnt achieve it, they are depressed and ashamed because they think they are fat, and their self confidences plop down the drain. Men who played video games also have unrealistic perceptions toward womens body.In video games, women characters are usually shown as having small breast, thin body and small hips. There has been several researches which show that there is a positive correlation between bountiful breast and attractiveness (Furnham, Hester ,& Weir, 1990 Kelinke & Staneski, 1980). In one study, Amy Rask surveyed the male student on which type of womens body they think are realistic. The majority of them choose the drawing that showed a skinny woman with a large breast. This means that the male players are affected by the video games because the games altered their perceptions on realistically well-proportioned womens body.In my Best Plan P aper, I used Utilitarian Theory to guide me in making decision that will affect people I never met. In this particular topic, I would take actions that will benefits everyone in the longer run. I think it would serve the society greater benefits if game makers start to portray the characters especially their physical appearance as realistically as possible. This way, the player will not be misinformed and have unrealistic expectations towards their own or others body. Violence against women should also be discouraged especially in video games and media. There should also be stricter rating system on violence.This way parents can avoid bringing their kids to the film that contains extensive violence. The available rating system on violence is too loose. For example, Kill Bill, which is a very violent film depicting gory killing scene, is granted PG-13 when it should only be viewed by teenage aged 18 and above only. The society should also be breakd in the effect of violence and abus e on women, and if the media need to portray the violence on screen, they should be as minimal as possible and served as a reminder to educate the people on the effect this abuse will have on societys harmony in general.Works Cited Rask, Amy. Video Game Vixens Shaping Mens Perceptions of Beauty? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA, May 23, 2007 . http//www. allacademic. com/meta/p171095_index. hypertext mark-up language 5 March 2011 Rayhill, Ryan (August 2007). Tomb Raider day of remembrance. PlayStation Magazine (Future Publishing) (126) 82. Miller, Prairie. Angelina Jolie on Filling Lara Crofts Shoes and D-Size Cups. NY Rock. June 2001 Web. http//www. nyrock. com/interviews/2001/jolie_int. sp 5 March 2011 Rapelay. Giant Bomb. Web. http//www. giantbomb. com/rapelay/61-16696/ 5 March 2011 Geddes, Dan. Kill Bill Vol. 1 (2003). The Satirist. 19 January 2004. Web. http//www. thesatirist. com/films/Killbill. html 5 March 2011 Offmann, Alia & Matherson, Kimberly. Healthy Place. The Sexual Self-Perceptions of Young Women Experiencing Abuse in Dating Relationships. 1 November 2004 Web. http//www. healthyplace. com/sex/abuse/the-sexual-self-perceptions-of-young-women-experiencing-abuse-in-dating-relationships/menu-id-66/ 5 March 2011

Development Communication

I. display Development communication is the use of communication to promote companionable development. It involves a planned substituteation of an sightly familiarity into a dynamic one. As such, a biotic connection plan is sop up to serve up pile shape their cities, towns or villages. A community plan is essential because it encourages people to take a intact and active role in advocating and implementing economic and social reform. In line with this, the author of this paper conducted a community research at Barangay 694, Ma later(a), manila City.Within the research is substantial information ab emerge the express community such as ecological factors, historical development, life activities, complex of set, social groups, impact of the demesne out-of-door, and topical anesthetic anaesthetic life. A proposal for a project plan was as well made in come in to foster build a collective vision for the residents of Barangay 694 specific each(prenominal)y, a summe r interpreting computer programme. The summer reading program result benefit the less developed children of Barangay 693. In addition, it go away in addition develop childrens potentials to be educated and literate adults. II. residential district Identification Barangay 694 is located at Malate, manila City.A part of district 6, it lies on Leon Guinto Street and is near places such as Taft Avenue, The Philippine Womens University, Philippine Christian University, and the Pedro Gil and Quirino LRT stations. The afore utter(prenominal) places besides serve as primary priming coatmarks of Barangay 694. Because of its strategic location near Taft Avenue, Barangay 694 cornerstone be capably exposit as a middle-class theatre with several houses and apartment units for students enrolled at nigh universities. In addition, it is slowly accessible by Roxas Boulevard, Quirino Avenue, and Taft Avenue. III. Ecological Frame 1. Geographical factorsBarangay 694 is located at lati tude 14. 573330 and longitude120. 990860. Its coordinates argon 143424 North and 1205926 East. It has a total land rural atomic number 18a of To its south is Pasay City to its west, manilla paper Bay to its north, Ermita to its east, Paco and San Andres. 2. Climate and soil As part of Manila City, Barangay 694 features a tropical savanna climate that borders on tropical monsoon climate. Along with the rest of the Philippines, Barangay 694 lies within the tropics. The temperature drop is truly small, rarely going lower than 20C (100F) and going broad(prenominal)er than 38 (100F).Humidity levels are comm hardly very high which makes the place feel much warmer. It has a distinct dry inure from late December to April and a relatively wet season that covers the remaining period. Typhoons can occur from June to kinfolk and can cause flooding in the area. 3. Service institutions Barangay 694 has several service institutions that responds to the residents needs. Its strategic loca tion offers its residents gadget as they need no look further than the immediate vicinity to sop up access to hospitals, educational institutions, books, recreational areas, and government offices.Listed downstairs are several establishments near Barangay 693 * HEALTH INSTITUTIONS * Ospital ng Maynila * RTM Satellite Clinic * Ruben C. Bartolome, M. D. Clinic * presidency INSTITUTIONS * surgical incision of Finance * Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas * RECREATIONAL AREAS * Rizal Memorial Sports Complex * Manila Zoological and Biological Gardens * Manila Baywalk flying field 5. Government The current mayor for the 2010 2013 term is Alfredo Lim. Meanwhile, Isko Moreno is the citys incumbent vice-mayor. Two more than members of the Manila City Council are the Association of Barangay Captains and the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK).Barangay 694s elected barangay officials have the responsibility of carrying out the spare-time activity tasks (1) formulating measures to exterminate the use o f illegal drugs (2) maintaining the cleanliness and beautification of the area (3) promoting peace and order (4) promoting the well- universe of women in the community (5) promoting young person rights and (6) maintaining barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. Listed below are the currently elected Barangay 694 officials and brief descriptions of each office position 1. PUNONG BARANGAY or BARANGAY hot seat get wind Is the executive head of Barangay 693 * Is in charge of development planning, basic services and facilities, compliance to directives, barangay legislation, and monetary authorities 2. BARANGAY SECRETARY Name * Is liable for all of Barangay 694s paper works * Takes down nones during all of the discussions and plans made in meetings * Reads and re-reads the reports he/she has made 3. BARANGAY TREASURER Name * Is responsible for the funds of Barangay 694 from properties budget, projects budgets, and salaries 4. SEVEN BARANGAY COUNCILORS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. all(a) have specific tasks assigned to them by the Barangay Chairman Must be in the barangay hall one time a week to accommodate people coming to their office every now and then SK death chair IV. historic Development 1. Origin During the Spanish colonial period, Malate was an open area with a small sportfishing village. When the Americans came to the landed estate after a 333-year Spanish reign, American urban planners envisioned the development of Malate as the some forward-looking area for American families. Despite extensive damage after World War II, some(prenominal) homes and buildings survived the run of the battle fought in the area.Wealthy families who evacuated their homes during the war returned. Along with their return, they re-built their properties and kept the areas just about it exclusively residential. Among these residential areas was Barangay 694. A local resident living in the area for al most(prenominal) fifty years related that Barangay 694 has been a r esidential area since the post-Japanese period. In fact, even before Japanese colonization, several of her forebears have lived there. This is proof that Barangay 694 has been around for many a(prenominal) years. 2. First InhabitantsDuring interviews, local residents were asked to name some of the first inhabitants of Barangay 694. The general response was a no. This closure is easily justifiable since the barangay has had such a long history and no one could rattling be certain of the first people who first inhabited the area. However, several residents know of families who had been living in the barangay for a long time. These families are almost considered as pioneers. As such, they are held in high regard. Among the well-known families in the area are the families of Magalon, San Pedro, Sevilla, Martinez, Andres, and Reyna.Most members of the give tongue to families hold positions in local offices specifically, the Barangay Committee. This is a testament to the high social status they have established along the years. 3. Development The once-exclusive residential areas on the Western package of Malate began to transform into a commercial area in the 1970s. Real estate boomed with large houses and apartments being built. Businesses also flourished as small hotels, restaurants, and cafes were established. During the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, visual and performing artists found a haven in Malate in the eighties and it became a bohemian enclave. . Progress at present Barangay 694, along with the rest of Malate, is continuously transforming itself as the promenade of recreation and entertainment in Manila with more restaurants, boutiques, bars, discos, and novelty stores opening for business. V. Life Activities 1. companionable body structure Social status of the residents Barangay 694 is a quiet middle-class area with several houses and apartments for students enrolled at nearby universities. Consequentially, the area is fairly tight-knit. At se veral community visits, the local residents displayed evident familiarity with those who live among them.In fact, it can be said that everyone knows everyone at Barangay 694. 2. Favorite pastime and recreation Because of well-maintained social ties, local residents enjoy doing recreational activities with their families, friends or neighbors. When asked what special(prenominal) activities they did during their pastime, respondents from the area said that they liked going to parks, playing bingo, organizing outings, visiting nearby malls, and perhaps, going out of town. Moreover, a typical Saturday and Sunday night for residents of Barangay 694 would consist of going to the church and, afterwards, watching late-night TV shows.Younger residents, meanwhile, said that theyd rather surf the Web, open their Facebook or Twitter accounts or play video games. 3. Groups and organizations The community has only one major organization, which is the local barangay council. Barangay 694s elected barangay officials have the responsibility of carrying out the sideline tasks (1) formulating measures to take place the use of illegal drugs (2) maintaining the cleanliness and beautification of the area (3) promoting peace and order (4) promoting the well-being of omen in the community (5) promoting youth rights and (6) maintaining barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. VI. Complex of Values 1. Core values of the community, that is, those that are generally accepted in caller Barangay 694, being a tight-knit community, generally accepts these four core values honesty, cooperation, a sense of responsibility, and righteousness. These values are considered to be the key to creating harmonious relationships. Honesty came in first in the list as most local residents consider it to be the most valuable trait one can possess. A dishonorable man will know and bring nothing but trouble, says Ronaldo Dela Cruz, 56, a lifelong Barangay 694 resident. Meanwhile, cooperation is als o a cherished value in the community. Because of its small population, Barangay 694 expects its residents to participate in community development projects such as street cleaning, tree planting, etc. The spirit of bayanihan ensures that ties among residents are rekindled and reinforced. Accompanying cooperation is a sense of responsibility. Community members should be self-aware. They must be able to look after themselves and perform their obligations as citizens of the Republic.Last but not the to the lowest degree is righteousness. As observed, Barangay 694 holds quite a high moral standards. A local resident must be morally upright. He or she must be able to hold and maintain a beneficial reputation. Otherwise, he or she would not be warmly welcomed into the community. 2. Aim values of the community, that is, those options that society allows its members Barangay 694 gives its residents the full emancipation to make decisions they thing will best suit their wants and needs so long as these decisions will not harm or offend other people.While many local residents are still quite nonprogressive in that distinct Filipino way, they are quite open to progressive ideas like the execution of the RH Law, K-12 education (while prevalent in other countries, K-12 education is still quite new to Filipinos), and the pass(a) of emancipation of Information Bill. 3. Attitudes and sense of values Overall, Barangay 694 residents are upbeat, friendly, and warm people. They are generally well-mannered and will go out of their way to help others. They promote traditional Filipino values and strive to uphold them in their daily lives.All of which makes Barangay 694 a very nice place to live in. VII. Impact of the world outside 1. inflow of ideas, goods, special forms, moral codes, new modus vivendi et operandi from the outside world to the community Barangay 694 keeps abreast of the current happenings finished assorted mediums. Among these mediums are newspapers, t elevision, radio, and the Internet (particularly, social media). Local residents are well-informed and are keen to survey some(prenominal) national and international events. They are also aware of recent popular culture trends.Development colloquyI. Introduction Development communication is the use of communication to promote social development. It involves a planned rendering of an average community into a dynamic one. As such, a community plan is made to help people shape their cities, towns or villages. A community plan is essential because it encourages people to take a full and active role in advocating and implementing economic and social reform. In line with this, the author of this paper conducted a community research at Barangay 694, Malate, Manila City.Within the research is substantial information about the said community such as ecological factors, historical development, life activities, complex of values, social groups, impact of the world outside, and local life. A proposal for a project plan was also made in order to help build a collective vision for the residents of Barangay 694 specifically, a summer reading program. The summer reading program will benefit the less developed children of Barangay 693. In addition, it will also develop childrens potentials to be educated and literate adults. II. Community Identification Barangay 694 is located at Malate, Manila City.A part of District 6, it lies along Leon Guinto Street and is near places such as Taft Avenue, The Philippine Womens University, Philippine Christian University, and the Pedro Gil and Quirino LRT stations. The aforementioned places also serve as primary landmarks of Barangay 694. Because of its strategic location near Taft Avenue, Barangay 694 can be aptly described as a middle-class area with several houses and apartment units for students enrolled at nearby universities. In addition, it is easily accessible by Roxas Boulevard, Quirino Avenue, and Taft Avenue. III. Ecologica l Frame 1. Geographical factorsBarangay 694 is located at latitude 14. 573330 and longitude120. 990860. Its coordinates are 143424 North and 1205926 East. It has a total land area of To its south is Pasay City to its west, Manila Bay to its north, Ermita to its east, Paco and San Andres. 2. Climate and soil As part of Manila City, Barangay 694 features a tropical savanna climate that borders on tropical monsoon climate. Along with the rest of the Philippines, Barangay 694 lies within the tropics. The temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 20C (100F) and going higher than 38 (100F).Humidity levels are usually very high which makes the place feel much warmer. It has a distinct dry season from late December to April and a relatively wet season that covers the remaining period. Typhoons can occur from June to September and can cause flooding in the area. 3. Service institutions Barangay 694 has several service institutions that responds to the residents needs. Its stra tegic location offers its residents convenience as they need no look further than the immediate vicinity to have access to hospitals, educational institutions, books, recreational areas, and government offices.Listed below are several establishments near Barangay 693 * HEALTH INSTITUTIONS * Ospital ng Maynila * RTM Satellite Clinic * Ruben C. Bartolome, M. D. Clinic * GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS * Department of Finance * Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas * RECREATIONAL AREAS * Rizal Memorial Sports Complex * Manila Zoological and Biological Gardens * Manila Baywalk Area 5. Government The current mayor for the 2010 2013 term is Alfredo Lim. Meanwhile, Isko Moreno is the citys incumbent vice-mayor. Two more members of the Manila City Council are the Association of Barangay Captains and the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK).Barangay 694s elected barangay officials have the responsibility of carrying out the following tasks (1) formulating measures to eliminate the use of illegal drugs (2) maintaining t he cleanliness and beautification of the area (3) promoting peace and order (4) promoting the well-being of women in the community (5) promoting youth rights and (6) maintaining barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. Listed below are the currently elected Barangay 694 officials and brief descriptions of each office position 1. PUNONG BARANGAY or BARANGAY CHAIRMAN Name Is the executive head of Barangay 693 * Is in charge of development planning, basic services and facilities, compliance to directives, barangay legislation, and fiscal administration 2. BARANGAY SECRETARY Name * Is liable for all of Barangay 694s paper works * Takes down notes during all of the discussions and plans made in meetings * Reads and re-reads the reports he/she has made 3. BARANGAY TREASURER Name * Is responsible for the funds of Barangay 694 from properties budget, projects budgets, and salaries 4. SEVEN BARANGAY COUNCILORS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. All have specific tasks assigned to them by the Barang ay Chairman Must be in the barangay hall once a week to accommodate people coming to their office every now and then SK CHAIRMAN IV. Historical Development 1. Origin During the Spanish colonial period, Malate was an open area with a small fishing village. When the Americans came to the country after a 333-year Spanish reign, American urban planners envisioned the development of Malate as the most sophisticated area for American families. Despite extensive damage after World War II, many homes and buildings survived the onslaught of the battle fought in the area.Wealthy families who evacuated their homes during the war returned. Along with their return, they re-built their properties and kept the areas around it exclusively residential. Among these residential areas was Barangay 694. A local resident living in the area for almost fifty years related that Barangay 694 has been a residential area since the post-Japanese period. In fact, even before Japanese colonization, several of he r forebears have lived there. This is proof that Barangay 694 has been around for many years. 2. First InhabitantsDuring interviews, local residents were asked to name some of the first inhabitants of Barangay 694. The general response was a no. This answer is easily justifiable since the barangay has had such a long history and no one could really be certain of the first people who first inhabited the area. However, several residents know of families who had been living in the barangay for a long time. These families are almost considered as pioneers. As such, they are held in high regard. Among the well-known families in the area are the families of Magalon, San Pedro, Sevilla, Martinez, Andres, and Reyna.Most members of the said families hold positions in local offices specifically, the Barangay Committee. This is a testament to the high social status they have established along the years. 3. Development The once-exclusive residential areas on the Western portion of Malate began to transform into a commercial area in the 1970s. Real estate boomed with large houses and apartments being built. Businesses also flourished as small hotels, restaurants, and cafes were established. During the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, visual and performing artists found a haven in Malate in the 1980s and it became a bohemian enclave. . Progress at present Barangay 694, along with the rest of Malate, is continuously transforming itself as the center of recreation and entertainment in Manila with more restaurants, boutiques, bars, discos, and novelty stores opening for business. V. Life Activities 1. Social Structure Social status of the residents Barangay 694 is a quiet middle-class area with several houses and apartments for students enrolled at nearby universities. Consequentially, the area is fairly tight-knit. At several community visits, the local residents displayed evident familiarity with those who live among them.In fact, it can be said that everyone knows everyone at Barangay 694. 2. Favorite pastime and recreation Because of well-maintained social ties, local residents enjoy doing recreational activities with their families, friends or neighbors. When asked what special activities they did during their pastime, respondents from the area said that they liked going to parks, playing bingo, organizing outings, visiting nearby malls, and perhaps, going out of town. Moreover, a typical Saturday and Sunday night for residents of Barangay 694 would consist of going to the church and, afterwards, watching late-night TV shows.Younger residents, meanwhile, said that theyd rather surf the Web, open their Facebook or Twitter accounts or play video games. 3. Groups and organizations The community has only one major organization, which is the local barangay council. Barangay 694s elected barangay officials have the responsibility of carrying out the following tasks (1) formulating measures to eliminate the use of illegal drugs (2) maintaining the cleanlin ess and beautification of the area (3) promoting peace and order (4) promoting the well-being of omen in the community (5) promoting youth rights and (6) maintaining barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. VI. Complex of Values 1. Core values of the community, that is, those that are generally accepted in society Barangay 694, being a tight-knit community, generally accepts these four core values honesty, cooperation, a sense of responsibility, and righteousness. These values are considered to be the key to creating harmonious relationships. Honesty came in first in the list as most local residents consider it to be the most valuable trait one can possess. A dishonest man will know and bring nothing but trouble, says Ronaldo Dela Cruz, 56, a lifelong Barangay 694 resident. Meanwhile, cooperation is also a cherished value in the community. Because of its small population, Barangay 694 expects its residents to participate in community development projects such as street cleanin g, tree planting, etc. The spirit of bayanihan ensures that ties among residents are rekindled and reinforced. Accompanying cooperation is a sense of responsibility. Community members should be self-aware. They must be able to look after themselves and perform their obligations as citizens of the Republic.Last but not the least is righteousness. As observed, Barangay 694 holds quite high moral standards. A local resident must be morally upright. He or she must be able to hold and maintain a good reputation. Otherwise, he or she would not be warmly welcomed into the community. 2. Aim values of the community, that is, those options that society allows its members Barangay 694 gives its residents the full freedom to make decisions they thing will best suit their wants and needs so long as these decisions will not harm or offend other people.While many local residents are still quite conservative in that distinct Filipino way, they are quite open to progressive ideas like the implement ation of the RH Law, K-12 education (while prevalent in other countries, K-12 education is still quite new to Filipinos), and the passing of Freedom of Information Bill. 3. Attitudes and sense of values Overall, Barangay 694 residents are upbeat, friendly, and warm people. They are generally well-mannered and will go out of their way to help others. They uphold traditional Filipino values and strive to uphold them in their daily lives.All of which makes Barangay 694 a very nice place to live in. VII. Impact of the world outside 1. Inflow of ideas, goods, special forms, moral codes, new modus vivendi et operandi from the outside world to the community Barangay 694 keeps abreast of the current happenings through various mediums. Among these mediums are newspapers, television, radio, and the Internet (particularly, social media). Local residents are well-informed and are keen to follow both national and international events. They are also aware of recent popular culture trends.